@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) is an advanced [optimiz
The CPU is the primary component of a computer that executes instructions from software, handling general-purpose tasks. While versatile, CPUs are less efficient for parallel processing compared to GPUs.
## CRS (Coordinate Reference System)
### CRS (Coordinate Reference System)
A Coordinate Reference System (CRS) defines how spatial data is mapped to the Earth's surface. It includes parameters like datum, [projection](#projection), and coordinate units, ensuring that geographic data aligns correctly across different datasets and software. CRS is essential in [GIS](#gis-geographic-information-system), [geophysics](#geophysics), and geodesy for accurate mapping and spatial analysis.
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@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ A correction applied to [gravity](#gravity) data to account for isostatic equili
A type of [gravity anomaly](#gravity-anomaly) that accounts for variations in the Earth's gravity field due to differences in the density and elevation of crustal rocks. It is corrected for isostatic equilibrium, meaning the Earth's crust is assumed to be "floating" in balance, compensating for the mass of mountains and valleys.
## isosurface
### isosurface
An isosurface is a three-dimensional surface representing points of constant value within a scalar field, such as temperature, pressure, or [density](#density). In [geophysics](#geophysics), isosurfaces are used to visualize [subsurface](#subsurface-modelling) structures in [seismic data](#seismic-imaging) or other parameter distributions, aiding in the interpretation of [geological](#geology) formations. They are generated through algorithms like [Marching Cubes](#marching-cubes).
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@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Marching Cubes is an algorithm used to extract a polygonal mesh of an [isosurfac
The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance, synonymous with [density](#density). Mass density is a key parameter in understanding the distribution of materials in the Earth's [crust](#crust) and [mantle](#mantle).
## mass point
### mass point
A mass point is an idealized object representing a body with mass concentrated at a single point. In [geophysics](#geophysics), mass points are used in [potential field](#potential-field) modelling to simplify [gravitational](#gravity) or [magnetic field](#magnetic-field) calculations. They serve as sources in numerical simulations, helping to approximate the effects of complex [geological](#geology) structures.
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@@ -555,11 +555,11 @@ A correction applied to [gravity](#gravity) measurements to account for the grav
A correction applied to [gravity](#gravity) measurements to account for the gravitational effects of tidal forces from the Moon and the Sun. These celestial bodies cause variations in Earth's [gravity field](#gravity-field) as they exert their pull on the Earth, leading to slight fluctuations in measured gravity values. Tidal correction removes this time-varying influence, ensuring that gravity data reflects only the local geological conditions and not temporary effects from tides.
## topography
### topography
The physical shape and features of the Earth's surface, including mountains, valleys, plains, and other landforms. In [geophysics](#geophysics), topography influences [gravity](#gravity) and [magnetic](#magnetism) data, as variations in elevation and surface features affect measurements. Correcting for topographic effects (through methods like [terrain correction](#terrain-correction)) is crucial for accurately interpreting subsurface structures in gravity and magnetic surveys.
## triangulation
### triangulation
Triangulation is the process of dividing a geometric surface or space into triangles, which can be used to approximate shapes and surfaces. In [geophysics](#geophysics), triangulation is critical for creating [3D models](#3d-model) of geological structures, isosurfaces, and topographic maps. This technique enhances numerical modelling, [interpolation](#interpolation), and [visualization](#data-visualization) by breaking complex surfaces into simpler elements.
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@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ WGS84 is the global standard coordinate system and datum used for GPS. It models
WKT (Well-Known Text) is a text-based format used to describe geospatial data and [coordinate reference systems](#crs-coordinate-reference-system). It provides a human-readable way to represent geometric shapes (like points, lines, and polygons) and coordinate systems used in [GIS](#gis-geographic-information-system).
## WorldWind
### WorldWind
[WorldWind](https://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov/) is an open-source virtual globe developed by NASA for geospatial data visualization. It allows users to interact with 3D representations of Earth and other celestial bodies, providing tools to overlay and analyze geospatial data, such as satellite imagery, terrain, and vector data. WorldWind is widely used in scientific research and [GIS](#gis-geographic-information-system). In **IGMAS+**[WorldWind Java](https://github.com/NASAWorldWind/WorldWindJava) is is used for visualizing gravity and magnetic data on the globe.
