diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md index bc468d0f07d27228b0e0318a5b08e15a06d375e4..4466eb45c161de4352c506365040dbf595be5480 100644 --- a/CHANGELOG.md +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to simple calendar versioning. +## 2024-09-25 + +## Added + +- Simple Salt Dome example +- Molasse Basin example + ## 2024-09-24 ## Added diff --git a/docs/examples/Molasse_Basin.md b/docs/examples/Molasse_Basin.md index 0a9c27173d439c389d8720848eceb54c58940dd9..7a2fb814318c4342c27cf6094c72d2a484acfdbb 100644 --- a/docs/examples/Molasse_Basin.md +++ b/docs/examples/Molasse_Basin.md @@ -1,3 +1,89 @@ # Molasse Basin -*...to be added...* \ No newline at end of file +This example is devoted to demonstration on how **IGMAS+** can be used to perform a lithosphere-scale modelling based a European Molasse basin (MOLA) model. + +## Description + +### Model + +The MOLA model is described in the following publication[^1]: + +*Przybycin, A. M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., & Schneider, M. (2015). Assessment of the isostatic state and the load distribution of the European Molasse basin by means of lithospheric-scale 3D structural and 3D gravity modelling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(5), 1405-1424. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1132-4>* + +The structural model is published on Zenodo[^2]: + +*Szymanski (Przybycin), A., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Schneider, M., & Anikiev, D. (2024). MOLA: 3D lithospheric-scale structural model of the European Molasse basin (Version 1). Zenodo. <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10869954>* + +The MOLA model consists of the following units with assigned densities (Table 2 in Przybycin et al. (2015)[^1]): + +| Number | Unit name | File name | Density | +| ------ | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ------------- | +| 1 | Nördlinger Ries impact structure | `2024-MOLA_01_Ries.txt` | 2000 kg/m$^3$ | +| 2 | Alpine Body | `2024-MOLA_02_AlpineBody.txt` | 2730 kg/m$^3$ | +| 3 | Folded Molasse | `2024-MOLA_03_FoldedMolasse.txt` | 2400 kg/m$^3$ | +| 4 | Foreland Molasse | `2024-MOLA_04_ForelandMolasse.txt` | 2350 kg/m$^3$ | +| 5 | Cretaceous | `2024-MOLA_05_Cretaceous.txt` | 2640 kg/m$^3$ | +| 6 | Upper Jurassic Malm | `2024-MOLA_06_Malm.txt` | 2650 kg/m$^3$ | +| 7 | PreMalm Sediments (Jurassic and Triassic) | `2024-MOLA_07_PreMalm.txt` | 2680 kg/m$^3$ | +| 8 | Tauern Body | `2024-MOLA_08_TauernBody.txt` | 2800 kg/m$^3$ | +| 9 | Upper crystalline crust | `2024-MOLA_09_UpperCrust.txt` | 2850 kg/m$^3$ | +| 10 | Lower crystalline crust | `2024-MOLA_10_LowerCrust.txt` | 3150 kg/m$^3$ | +| 11 | Lithospheric Mantle | `2024-MOLA_11_LithosphericMantle.txt` | 3180 kg/m$^3$ | + +### Data + +The evaluation of the resulting density model in Przybycin et al. (2015)[^1] was done by comparing the gravity calculations with the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008) provided by the International Gravimetric Bureau (BGI 2012[^3]; Pavlis et al. 2012[^4]). + +### Scripts + +Two scripts are required to process the original publication data files to be able to involve them in **IGMAS+** modelling. + +1. `get_horizons.sh` is a bash script that converts ASCII (TXT) files in the format of data publications to CSV horizon files readable by **IGMAS+**. + + Usage: + + ```bash + ./get_horizons.sh + ``` + + will take files in folder `MOLA_3D_model_files`, convert them and save to folder `MOLA_3D_model_horizons`. + +2. `cut_horizons.sh` is a bash script that processes the CSV horizon files by adjusting Z-coordinate values such that the units are cut at zero level. It is necessary to convert the files in this way in order to be able to model [Complete Bouguer Anomaly](../glossary.md#complete-bouguer-anomaly) in **IGMAS+** correctly. + + Usage: + + ```bash + ./cut_horizons.sh + ``` + + will take files in folder `MOLA_3D_model_horizons`, convert them and save to folder `MOLA_3D_model_horizons_cut`. + +???+ note + Originally the bash scripts are designed for Unix, but one can run them on Windows. The best way to run these scripts is to use Git Bash: + - load Git-SCM from [the official site](https://git-scm.com/download/win) + - install + - run Git Bash (right click menu in the folder with scripts and select "Open Git Bash here") + - run scripts as explained above + +### Download + +Load the structural [model](#model) archive from [Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/10869954/files/MOLA_3D_model_files.zip?download=1) and unpack. + +The [scripts](#scripts) necessary for the conversion of the data are available [here](). + +## Modelling + +!!! abstract "Goal" + The goal of this modelling example is to load the structural model, convert it to horizons and use for construction of an IGMAS+ model using [import functionality](../workflows/import.md#import-horizons). + +[^1]: + Przybycin, A. M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., & Schneider, M. (2015). Assessment of the isostatic state and the load distribution of the European Molasse basin by means of lithospheric-scale 3D structural and 3D gravity modelling. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(5), 1405-1424. [doi:10.1007/s00531-014-1132-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1132-4) + +[^2]: + Szymanski (Przybycin), A., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Schneider, M., & Anikiev, D. (2024). MOLA: 3D lithospheric-scale structural model of the European Molasse basin (Version 1). Zenodo. [doi:10.5281/zenodo.10869954](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10869954) + +[^3]: + BGI (2012). The International Gravimetric Bureau. In: Drewes H, Hornik H, Adam J, Rozsa S (eds) The Geodesist’s handbook 2012. (International Association of Geodesy). J Geodesy 86(10). [doi:10.1007/s00190-012-0584-1](http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-012-0584-1) + +[^4]: + Pavlis N. K., Holmes S. A., Kenyon A. C., Factor J. K. (2012). The development and evaluation of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008). J. Geophys. Res. 117:B04406. [doi:10.1029/2011JB008916](http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008916) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/examples/Salt_Dome.md b/docs/examples/Salt_Dome.md index 98cf10281fda60a6e3aef73744d4e1881cef3cf0..9ca8aec051dd5d05164f5e88d126a40bc3c51f7a 100644 --- a/docs/examples/Salt_Dome.md +++ b/docs/examples/Salt_Dome.md @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ The share contains several files: - `Salt_Dome_Measured_Gravity.csv`: the [input measured gravity data](#input-data) in CSV format - `Salt_Dome.zip`: the **IGMAS+** model -- `Salt_Dome.vxo`: the voxel cube obtained by voxelization of the model +- `Salt_Dome.vxo`: the voxel cube with densities obtained by voxelization of the model - `Salt_Dome_Seismic_Image.jpg`: an example of a seismic section image in JPG format. The input gravity data file `Salt_Dome_Measured_Gravity.csv` is in CSV format and has 4 data columns: `"x" "y" "z" "measured z component"` and 6561 data rows corresponding to stations. diff --git a/docs/examples/Simple_Salt_Dome.md b/docs/examples/Simple_Salt_Dome.md index 3093d670ff69f502a9b2a90de4b317d8ca8d67fa..c707278caa55277ea15e7c0b63f320bae72e6a72 100644 --- a/docs/examples/Simple_Salt_Dome.md +++ b/docs/examples/Simple_Salt_Dome.md @@ -1,5 +1,199 @@ # Simple Salt Dome -This example is devoted to demonstration of [geometry optimization based on spring-based space warping](../workflows/inversion.md#geometry-optimization-based-on-spring-based-space-warping) applied to a simple synthetic model of a salt dome. +This example is devoted to demonstration of [geometry optimization based on spring-based space warping](../workflows/inversion.md#geometry-optimization-based-on-spring-based-space-warping) applied to a simple synthetic model of a [salt dome](../glossary.md#salt-dome). -*... to be extended ...* +## Description + +### Original model + +The model contains four units, names and densities are given in the [Table below](#table-simple_salt_dome_units). + +<a name="table-simple_salt_dome_units"></a> + +| Name | Density | +| ---------- | ------------ | +| S1 | 2.21 t/m$^3$ | +| S2 | 2.57 t/m$^3$ | +| S3 | 2.77 t/m$^3$ | +| salt | 2.31 t/m$^3$ | + +The salt unit forms a salt dome starting at a depth of around 3.5 km and going up to around 1 km in the center of the model domain (see [Figure below](#figure-salt_dome_model_2D_view)). + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_original_model_2D_view"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>Vertical cross-section through the simple salt dome model.</figcaption> +</figure> + +The model has 4 working sections which are identical, so that the model is simply prolonged in the North direction (perpendicular to the working sections): + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_original_model_3D_view"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>The 3D view of the simple salt dome model.</figcaption> +</figure> + +There is a horizontal extension of the bodies by 100 km in each side beyond the station boundaries (10 $\times$ 10 km): + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_extended_original_model_3D_view"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>The 3D view of the simple salt dome model with extensions.</figcaption> +</figure> + +The reference density is 2.43 t/m$^3$. + +### Input data + +The [original model](#original-model) was used to create a gravity dataset calculated for a set of 441 stations regularly placed on the plane at a zero depth level (see [Figure below](#figure-simple_salt_dome_measured_gravity)). + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_measured_gravity"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>Bouguer anomaly modelled above the simple salt dome model measured with a regularly spaced set of stations placed at a zero depth level.</figcaption> +</figure> + +Stations cover the area 40 $\times$ 40 km, exceeding the model edges by 10 km in each direction. +For simplicity, there is no extension of the bodies beyond the model boundaries, and the edge effect is clearly visible in the dataset. + +The described dataset was used as an input measured gravity data for inversion. + +### Starting model + +In order to have a starting model which would differ from the original model, the shape of the salt dome in the middle section has been manually modified (see [Figure below](#figure-simple_salt_dome_starting_model_3D_view)). + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_starting_model_3D_view"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>The 3D view of the starting model showing modified salt dome shape in the middle working section. The measured gravity is shown on the top.</figcaption> +</figure> + +### Download + +The input data required for this example as well as the two models are available for download [here](https://nextcloud.gfz-potsdam.de/s/tyTP6G5CMzpxYBJ). + +The share contains 3 files: + +- `Simple_Salt_Dome_Measured_Gravity.csv`: the [input measured gravity data](#input-data) in CSV format +- `Simple_Salt_Dome_Original.zip`: the [original](#original-model) **IGMAS+** model with a salt dome +- `Simple_Salt_Dome_Inversion.zip`: the **IGMAS+** model used for inversion consisting of two timeline steps: + - [starting model](#starting-model): a model where the salt dome shape distorted + - [final model](#final-model) - a model after application of the geometry optimization to the starting model + +The input gravity data file `Simple_Salt_Dome_Measured_Gravity.csv` is in CSV format and has 4 data columns: `"x" "y" "z" "measured z component"` and 441 data rows corresponding to stations. +The values in columns are delimited with space. + +The two models are zip archives with **IGMAS+** projects. Simply unpack and [load projects](../user_interface.md#project-related-menu-entries) in **IGMAS+**. + +## Modelling + +!!! abstract "Goal" + The goal of this modelling example is to apply geometry optimization to the starting model in order to demonstrate how it can be iteratively inverted to a final model somewhat close to the true one based on the input gravity data, assuming that densities of the units are known. + +The geometry optimization functionality is provided by the **Inversion** plugin. With this plugin it is possible to iteratively optimize the geometry of a model by space warping using the misfit between the measured and calculated (at each iteration) field. + +### Open the starting model + +- Start **IGMAS+** +- Select ++"File"++ --> ++"Open Project"++ +- Select the folder `Simple_Salt_Dome_Inversion` +- In the Timeline window select the earliest timeline - this is the starting model:<br> +<!-- { width="300" } --> +- The starting model will open in the [3D view](#figure-simple_salt_dome_starting_model_3D_view), already with the loaded [input measured gravity data](#input-data) +- Note that there are no working sections in the starting model, because 3D geometry optimization based on space warping will destroy the working sections +- Now it is necessary to [calculate the gravity field](#calculate-gravity-field) for the loaded. + +### Calculate gravity field + +- Calculate the anomaly of the model using ++"Tools"++ --> ++"Calculate Anomalies"++ or by clicking  + - Select "Calc Gz" + - Click ++"Finish"++ +- Open **2D Maps View** using ++"Add View"++ --> ++"2D Maps View"++ or by clicking  +- The program show the map views of the measured, calculated and residual gravity fields for the starting model: + +** + +- In the **Object Tree** under "Fields" select "Gravity: z-component" +- Click on the [**Property Editor Tab**](../user_interface.md#property-editor-tab) and uncheck "Auto Shift" if you want to run inversion without the autoshift + +** + +- Now, before starting the inversion, it is necessary to [prepare the inversion lattice](#prepare-the-inversion-lattice). + +??? tip + The model at this stage can be opened from the middle timeline of the `Simple_Salt_Dome_Inversion` model. + +### Prepare the inversion lattice + +- Create a lattice using icon  +- You will be asked to define the area for the lattice:<br> +{ width="300"} +- By default, the whole model volume is taken and the lattice consists of a single rectangular prism with 4 edges/nodes on the corners of the model:<br> +{ width="300"} +- With icon  you can add more lattice nodes, i.e. make the lattice finer, step-by-step:<br> +{ width="300"} +- Similarly, with icon  you can remove lattice nodes, i.e. make the lattice coarser +- In case of mistakes, you can completely remove the lattice using icon  +- There are two lattice transformation modes controlled by swapping icons  and : + -  means that the [matrix transformation mode](../workflows/inversion.md#matrix-transformation-mode) is selected (default) + -  means that the [trilinear transformation mode](../workflows/inversion.md#trilinear-transformation-mode) is selected + +<!-- ???+ abstract "Exercise" + Use [lattice tools](../workflows/inversion.md#setup-lattice) to create a lattice around the central part of a model where the salt dome has been modified + +The lattice created for the whole model domain is usually not an optimal way to do the geometry optimization. Instead, it is better to make a more local lattice. + +After creation of a lattice area in a more optimal dimensions:<br> +{ width="300"} +and refining it 5 times, one can obtain an optimal lattice for geomtry optimization which would be focused on the salt dome domain:<br> +{ width="300"} --> + +Now it is time to [start geometry optimization](#start-geometry-optimization). + +### Start geometry optimization + +- Open the geometry optimization wizard using the start icon  +- Adjust the parameters: + - The "Optimizer" is selected to be "SpringSystem Optimizer" and can't be changed, meaning that the spring-based optimization will be performed. + - Adjust the "Standard Deviation" to be in the range from `0.25` to `0.05` - this is the initial standard deviation for variation of depth coordinates of the interface vertices. The more the value, the larger is the initial variation. We recommend to keep 0.1 here. + - Adjust the "Stop-Quality SD" to be in the range from `0.1` to `0.01`. The less the value is, the longer the inversion will last and the better the fit will be in the end. A recommended value for the "Stop-Quality SD" to reach an optimal accuracy in a reasonable time is 0.05. + - Make sure the "Use Triangle Effect" is **checked**: it involves calculation of gravity effect for the triangulated bodies + - Make sure the "Use Voxel Effect" is **unchecked**: there are no voxel cubes and we don't need to involve it + + <a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_inversion_settings"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>Recommended geometry optimization settings.</figcaption> +</figure> + +- Once ready, click ++"Next"++ +- Area settings window will open:<br> +{ width="300"} +- The default area is the area covered by stations +- Click ++"Finish"++ +- Interface inversion process will start +- A **Population Quality** window will open automatically and will dynamically show the statistics on the optimization process +<!-- - Usually it takes about 20 to 30 minutes to reach the quality of 0.002 for this model --> +- To stop the inversion process before it reaches the stop quality threshold, use the stop icon  +- Once inversion is done, the stop icon  will change back to the start icon  + +### Final model + +The final result, as [explained earlier](#start-geometry-optimization) depends on the stop quality and the initial standard deviation. Besides, is not possible to get two identical final optimization results because of the random nature of the CMA-ES. +<!-- +The result obtained for the stop quality of 0.002 and the initial standard deviation of 0.1 shows that the [original salt dome shape](#figure-two_layers_original_model) is [reconstructed](#figure-simple_salt_dome_final_model) with a reasonable accuracy and the [residual gravity field](#figure-simple_salt_dome_final_model_misfit) is minimal: + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_final_model"></a> +** + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_final_model_misfit"></a> +** + +<a name="figure-simple_salt_dome_final_model_3D_view"></a> +<figure markdown="span"> + { width="500" } + <figcaption>Result of geometry optimization: 3D view of the final model.</figcaption> +</figure> + +??? tip + The final model can be opened from the latest timeline of the `Simple_Salt_Dome_Inversion` model. --> diff --git a/docs/examples/Two_Layers.md b/docs/examples/Two_Layers.md index 2728f26f5bb8e89e23cd7cc8190794966fe3ae0a..b2b1d8ba3b2b492f7856c84968712ca120ff94a4 100644 --- a/docs/examples/Two_Layers.md +++ b/docs/examples/Two_Layers.md @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ The interface geometry optimization functionality is provided by the **Interface - Open **2D View** using ++"Add View"++ --> ++"2D View"++ or by clicking  - The curves above the vertical cross section shows the misfit between the measured and calculated gravity anomalies for the starting model - In the **Object Tree** under "Fields" select "Gravity: z-component" -- Click on the [**Property Editor Tab**](../user_interface.md#property-editor-tab) and uncheck "Auto Shift": it is better to run inversion without the autoshift. +- Click on the [**Property Editor Tab**](../user_interface.md#property-editor-tab) and uncheck "Auto Shift" if you want to run inversion without the autoshift. - Now, before starting the inversion, it is necessary to [add the inversion category](#add-inversion-category). ### Add inversion category diff --git a/docs/examples/index.md b/docs/examples/index.md index b4410fc4ed288b4f1ed019ab811c30ad3b54f9ad..62c1b2662fb99efe3b0ec41fb809f2f0c7a950b7 100644 --- a/docs/examples/index.md +++ b/docs/examples/index.md @@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ These practical examples serve as a testament to the capabilities of **IGMAS+**, --- - An example of application of geometry inversion to a simplified synthetic model of a salt dome. + An example of application of geometry optimization to a simplified synthetic model of a salt dome. + + [](./Simple_Salt_Dome.md) - [**:fontawesome-regular-file-lines: Molasse Basin: construct from horizons**](./Molasse_Basin.md) diff --git a/docs/examples/simple_salt_dome_create_lattice_3D_view.png b/docs/examples/simple_salt_dome_create_lattice_3D_view.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..becbf45ec76f54f0f8e0c55c1faf264214c829cb Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/examples/simple_salt_dome_create_lattice_3D_view.png differ diff 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of a single rectangular prism with 4 edges/nodes on the corners of the model. - - With icon  you can add more lattice nodes, i.e. make the lattice finer - - Similarly, with icon  you can remove lattice nodes, i.e. make the lattice coarser - - In case of mistakes, you can completely remove the lattice using icon  +- With icon  you can add more lattice nodes, i.e. make the lattice finer +- Similarly, with icon  you can remove lattice nodes, i.e. make the lattice coarser +- In case of mistakes, you can completely remove the lattice using icon  There are two lattice transformation modes controlled by swapping icons  and :